How India’s New Vice-President Is Elected: A Democratic Process

In 2025, following the resignation of Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar on July 21, India’s Election Commission initiated the process to elect a new vice-president, as mandated by Article 68 of the Constitution, to be completed within 60 days. This process, centered in New Delhi, involves an Electoral College of parliamentarians. To ensure seamless governance and legislative leadership. India’s parliamentary system is reflected in a structured, democratic election.

The Electoral College

India’s Vice-President is elected by an Electoral College comprising elected and nominated members of both Houses of Parliament—Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha—totaling approximately 788 MPs. Unlike the President’s election, state legislative assemblies do not participate. The election uses a single transferable vote system, ensuring proportional representation, with a candidate needing a majority (around 395 votes) to win.

Eligibility and Nomination

Candidates must be Indian citizens, at least 35 years old, and eligible for election to the Rajya Sabha, per Article 66 of the Constitution. They cannot hold any office of profit under the government. Political parties nominate candidates, often balancing regional, ideological, or coalition interests, similar to strategies seen in the 2022 election of Jagdeep Dhankhar, per pib.gov.in. The Election Commission oversees nominations, ensuring compliance with constitutional norms.

The Election Process

The election occurs via secret ballot, with MPs voting in Parliament. The single transferable vote allows voters to rank candidates, redistributing votes until a majority is achieved. If no candidate secures a majority, the Senate-like Rajya Sabha may resolve ties, though this is rare. The elected vice president assumes office immediately, acting as Rajya Sabha chairman and second-in-line to the president.

Significance and Future

The vice president’s role, combining legislative oversight and executive succession, is critical. With Dhankhar’s exit due to health concerns, the 2025 election will shape India’s political landscape. As X’s #VicePresidentElection trends show, public interest is high, with youth advocating for transparent, merit-based selection. This process underscores India’s democratic resilience, ensuring leadership continuity.

-By Manoj H